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Conditioning Diversity Friendships Gear checks Group Safety Culture Liability Release Managing Expectations Uncategorized Vetting Members

Creating a Group Safety Culture

Begin by Building a Team Mindset

Some backpackers and hikers are introverts who like their solitude. As an organizer, you want to get everyone to respect the group and be a team player. This will increase safety. There are specific things you can do to build a team mindset.

  1. First, create a group structure. Emphasize that it is a group event. Designate a navigator to lead the group and a sweeper to check on anyone in the back who is slower or having difficulty. Having a navigator and sweeper helps create a group structure. The navigator is usually the first person to observe challenging conditions on the route. When this happens it is important for the navigator to discuss options with the sweeper. The sweeper is the person who has the best observations about those in the group who might need help navigating the route.
  2. Second, keep people together. This will help them get to know each other. People care more about people they know. They become more patience and more helpful when the person slowing down the group is a friend. The key is to stay together—ride together, hike together, eat together, and camp together. There is always time around camp for people to wander around and have solitude.
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UV Hazards and Protection

Anytime you are spending hours on large snow fields or glaciers, especially in the spring and summer, you are at risk of severe sunburns from reflected sunlight. Snow and ice can reflect up to 80% of UV rays. Exposure is increased at high altitudes where the thinner atmosphere offers less protection. The risk exists even in cloudy conditions. 

I don’t represent any brands or receive any financial benefits from any of the gear I recommend on this website. All gear reviews and recommendations are personal and free from influence. I also don’t use any affiliate links.

whiteout conditions
Reflected UV rays can cause sunburn even in whiteout conditions.

In Washington State, intense sunburns and eye injuries are common during the summer on popular routes, such as Camp Muir and the South Climb of Mount Adams. 

Sunburn Prevention

The goal is to cover exposed flesh and protect the eyes completely. Avoid short-sleeved shirts and short pants. Reflected UV rays can burn you where you least expect it such as on the bottom of your nose and upper lip. Wearing a sun hat does not protect your face from the UV rays reflecting up from the snow.

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Headlamp batteries Headlamp Red light mode Headlamp skills Headlamp storage Headlamp variable brightness Red Light mode

Headlamps and Safety

Headlamps are one of the ten essentials. The type of headlamp you use and how you use it will affect your safety and the safety of others in your winter backpacking team. Hikers often select headlamps based on weight rather than waterproofness and functionality. Be careful not to sacrifice safety.

For winter backpacking purposes a headlamp should provide a range of specific functionalities (discussed below) and the user should follow practices that ensure the headlamp is not lost or inoperable when it is most needed.

Basic Headlamp Skills

Learn to operate your headlamp without looking at it.

  • Test your headlamp and familiarize yourself with its features and settings before your hike.
  • Attach your headlamp to your helmet using the four external headlamp clips.
  • Ensure the on/off button is positioned facing up.
  • With the helmet on your head, reach up and activate the headlamp, then switch through the variable brightness levels, red mode, and strobe mode, and adjust the up-and-down angle.

Ideally, you can teach yourself how to operate your headlamp while it is out of view on your head and when you are in difficult terrain and weather conditions.

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Diversity and inclusiveness Event Organizing Safety Uncategorized Winter Backpacking Meetup

How to Create a Winter Backpacking Group

Winter backpacking is much safer if you are in a group but how do you find other people interested in this activity? If you live in Washington State, join our winter backpacking Meetup. If you live elsewhere, the tips outlined here are for you.

winter backpacking group
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Blister Prevention First Aid Uncategorized

Blisters: A Guide to Prevention and Treatment

 By Scottie Bussell, MD, MPH

Having pain in our feet can take the joy out of backpacking, slow you down, and cause you to not complete the trip. Blister prevention begins with three main considerations: 

  • Comfortable footwear 
  • Your sock strategy 
  • Foot conditioning 
  • Preemptive practices 
winter backpacking

1. Comfortable Footwear 

Good foot care starts with choosing the right shoes for your feet and the terrain conditions. The main considerations are looseness for warmth, traction, ankle band for security (boot doesn’t come off), sufficient sole flexibility for distance hiking but rigid enough for crampons, level of cushion for the sole of your feet, a reinforced toe box for kicking-steps in hard snow, and water resistance versus breathability to keep your feet dry.  

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B1–B3 boot rating system Boot fitting tips Boot looseness Crampons Foot warmth Footwear High Gaiters Microspikes Step Kicking Uncategorized

Footwear for Winter Backpacking

This information is specifically for backpacking in the winter conditions of the Pacific Northwest and Cascade Mountains. 

Pain in our feet can take the joy out of backpacking, slow you down, and prevent you from completing the hike.  Think of your footwear as a system of socks, shoes, and traction that needs to work comfortably and efficiently together in winter terrain. If one or more parts fail, our movement is slowed and we become susceptible to injuries such as falls, blisters, and sprained ankles. If this system is not in sync we expend energy inefficiency.

winter footwear on icy slopes
It is not always easy to predict snow and terrain conditions. Having the necessary footwear system is essential for warmth and stability.

Our winter backpacking group hikes year-round in the Washington Cascade Mountains in different terrain and weather conditions—from rocky coastal terrain to icy mountain slopes. For some trips traditional hiking or trail running shoes work fine and for others more rigid boots are necessary. You may choose to use different footwear for different events or you may want to buy one pair for all your needs. In rare cases, you may even want to bring two pairs of shoes such as a comfortable flexible shoe and a stiffer boot, such as, on a long dry approach that then turns into hard snow.  However, given the extra weight, a single all-purpose boot is ideal. 

Main Requirements

Our group is mainly hiking below 8000 feet on snow and ice, and smooth and rocky terrain (scree and tallis) in temperatures 5º F and above. Typical distances range from some deep snow events that are less than 7 miles round trip to longer mixed dirt and hard snow events that can exceed 12 miles per day.

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Durston X-Mid 1 Solid Tent Gossamer Gear The one Tent Trekking Pole Tents Ultra-Light Backpacking Gear Uncategorized

Trekking Pole Tents

Gossamer Gear’s The One and the Durston X-Mid 1 Solid: First Impressions

I’m not recommending trekking pole tents for winter or deep snow events. This review concerns ultra-light tent options for long-distance backpacking in the summer and fall and in moderate weather conditions.

In the last few years our winter hiking community has been doing more non-winter events—overnight coastal trips and section hiking the PCT, as well as other summer and fall trips not involving snow. We are in the process of learning more about ultra-light summer gear.

For these milder-weather events, trekking pole tents offer a significant weight reduction by eliminating tent poles and using trekking poles instead. Late summer and early fall are times when ultra-light backpacking methods work well. For this reason, I started looking into trekking pole tents that I could recommend to other hikers in our group. After researching available options, I reached out to Durston and Gossamer Gear to see if they would allow me to try out their tents. 

trekking pole tent review
In the winter most everyone is using a free-standing tent, but in the summer hikers are eager to switch to trekking pole tents to reduce weight.
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Astrophotography Cameras Phone Cases Photography Uncategorized USB Pen Drives USB Power Banks

Winter Astrophotography

An Intro to Landscape Winter Astrophotography by Daniel Kuo

Photographing the night sky can be a profoundly rewarding experience and a great way to connect with the cosmos. Modern Cell phones and digital cameras enable us to capture stunning details in the sky that are difficult to see with our eyes, such as subtle airglow in the upper atmosphere and intricate star clusters and dust lanes within our own Milky Way. 

Galaxy over Mount Baker
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hip belts Load lifter strap Pack capacity Pack color Tips for selecting a winter backpack ultra-light backpacks for winter

Tips for Selecting a Winter Backpack

Ultra-light gear is what makes winter backpacking possible. In the past people needed heavy gear to stay warm and that required pulling a sled or polk. The gear was too heavy and bulky to put it all in a backpack. Those days are gone, especially in mild winter temperatures such as are common in the Pacific Northwest. Today it is possible for a 2–3 day winter backpack to weigh between 25–35 pounds (12–16 kg). Everything can fir in a 60-liter pack and the pack itself can weigh as little as two pounds or less. Many ultra-light backpacks in the 2–2.5 lbs range are strong enough and large enough to carry all that you need.

winter backpacking in snowshoes
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Safety Tips for Packing a Winter Backpack

When packing a winter backpack, safety is an important consideration. In winter, how you pack matters more than any other time of the year. For example, when you reach the crest of a ridge and encounter a severe wind chill, your rain jacket and gloves need to be at the top of your pack or easily accessible. This post reviews safety considerations and general packing methods.

winter backpacking safety